Ask NYC Browse All Data Public Safety Transportation Health Buildings

Report to City Council on Demographics of Children and Parents at Steps in the Child Welfare System

This report provides information about the demographics of children and parents at steps in the child welfare system. It is produced in compliance with Local Law 132 of 2022.

Public Safety Administration for Children's Services (ACS) Dataset uhvm-6sct 13 fields
DOWNLOAD CSV
Dataset fields
Showing 50 real records
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
BK12 Borough Park
Scr Intakes
483
Indicated Investigations
162
Unsubstantiated Investigations
217
Cares Cases
101
Acs Referral To Prevention
136
Emergency Removals
7
Article X Filings
40
Remands At Initial Hearings
7
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
BK13 Coney Island
Scr Intakes
706
Indicated Investigations
250
Unsubstantiated Investigations
340
Cares Cases
113
Acs Referral To Prevention
199
Emergency Removals
14
Article X Filings
58
Remands At Initial Hearings
19
Article X Foster Care Entries
19
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
BK14 Flatbush/ Midwood
Scr Intakes
682
Indicated Investigations
218
Unsubstantiated Investigations
358
Cares Cases
96
Acs Referral To Prevention
148
Emergency Removals
11
Article X Filings
67
Remands At Initial Hearings
17
Article X Foster Care Entries
17
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
BK15 Sheepshead Bay
Scr Intakes
503
Indicated Investigations
156
Unsubstantiated Investigations
275
Cares Cases
68
Acs Referral To Prevention
108
Emergency Removals
10
Article X Filings
42
Remands At Initial Hearings
13
Article X Foster Care Entries
7
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
BK16 Brownsville
Scr Intakes
1382
Indicated Investigations
405
Unsubstantiated Investigations
711
Cares Cases
247
Acs Referral To Prevention
254
Emergency Removals
28
Article X Filings
124
Remands At Initial Hearings
46
Article X Foster Care Entries
45
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
BK17 East Flatbush
Scr Intakes
970
Indicated Investigations
357
Unsubstantiated Investigations
485
Cares Cases
115
Acs Referral To Prevention
214
Emergency Removals
34
Article X Filings
102
Remands At Initial Hearings
43
Article X Foster Care Entries
44
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
BK18 Flatlands/ Canarsie
Scr Intakes
943
Indicated Investigations
358
Unsubstantiated Investigations
465
Cares Cases
109
Acs Referral To Prevention
229
Emergency Removals
29
Article X Filings
98
Remands At Initial Hearings
35
Article X Foster Care Entries
38
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
Brooklyn Unspecified CD
Scr Intakes
165
Indicated Investigations
50
Unsubstantiated Investigations
92
Cares Cases
21
Acs Referral To Prevention
36
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
16
Remands At Initial Hearings
6
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN01 Financial District
Scr Intakes
98
Indicated Investigations
19
Unsubstantiated Investigations
76
Cares Cases
^
Acs Referral To Prevention
7
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
^
Remands At Initial Hearings
^
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN02 Greenwich Village/Soho
Scr Intakes
34
Indicated Investigations
^
Unsubstantiated Investigations
30
Cares Cases
^
Acs Referral To Prevention
^
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
^
Remands At Initial Hearings
^
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN03 Lower East Side/ Chinatown
Scr Intakes
712
Indicated Investigations
180
Unsubstantiated Investigations
457
Cares Cases
70
Acs Referral To Prevention
136
Emergency Removals
17
Article X Filings
55
Remands At Initial Hearings
23
Article X Foster Care Entries
25
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN04 Clinton/ Chelsea
Scr Intakes
272
Indicated Investigations
86
Unsubstantiated Investigations
161
Cares Cases
21
Acs Referral To Prevention
41
Emergency Removals
10
Article X Filings
21
Remands At Initial Hearings
14
Article X Foster Care Entries
15
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN05 Midtown
Scr Intakes
158
Indicated Investigations
65
Unsubstantiated Investigations
79
Cares Cases
14
Acs Referral To Prevention
27
Emergency Removals
6
Article X Filings
17
Remands At Initial Hearings
8
Article X Foster Care Entries
12
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN06 Stuyvesant Town/Turtle Bay
Scr Intakes
148
Indicated Investigations
37
Unsubstantiated Investigations
90
Cares Cases
19
Acs Referral To Prevention
15
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
8
Remands At Initial Hearings
^
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN07 Upper West Side
Scr Intakes
494
Indicated Investigations
126
Unsubstantiated Investigations
309
Cares Cases
51
Acs Referral To Prevention
84
Emergency Removals
12
Article X Filings
39
Remands At Initial Hearings
18
Article X Foster Care Entries
17
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN08 Upper East Side
Scr Intakes
292
Indicated Investigations
58
Unsubstantiated Investigations
197
Cares Cases
35
Acs Referral To Prevention
41
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
^
Remands At Initial Hearings
^
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN09 Morningside Heights/ Hamilton
Scr Intakes
586
Indicated Investigations
156
Unsubstantiated Investigations
352
Cares Cases
69
Acs Referral To Prevention
149
Emergency Removals
16
Article X Filings
48
Remands At Initial Hearings
14
Article X Foster Care Entries
17
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN10 Central Harlem
Scr Intakes
1071
Indicated Investigations
299
Unsubstantiated Investigations
647
Cares Cases
108
Acs Referral To Prevention
222
Emergency Removals
25
Article X Filings
98
Remands At Initial Hearings
35
Article X Foster Care Entries
39
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN11 East Harlem
Scr Intakes
1257
Indicated Investigations
355
Unsubstantiated Investigations
757
Cares Cases
125
Acs Referral To Prevention
237
Emergency Removals
22
Article X Filings
111
Remands At Initial Hearings
43
Article X Foster Care Entries
50
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
MN12 Washington Heights/ Inwood
Scr Intakes
669
Indicated Investigations
185
Unsubstantiated Investigations
411
Cares Cases
70
Acs Referral To Prevention
129
Emergency Removals
10
Article X Filings
54
Remands At Initial Hearings
14
Article X Foster Care Entries
21
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
Manhattan: Unspecified CD
Scr Intakes
128
Indicated Investigations
37
Unsubstantiated Investigations
80
Cares Cases
9
Acs Referral To Prevention
21
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
21
Remands At Initial Hearings
9
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN01 Astoria
Scr Intakes
720
Indicated Investigations
169
Unsubstantiated Investigations
472
Cares Cases
75
Acs Referral To Prevention
81
Emergency Removals
8
Article X Filings
49
Remands At Initial Hearings
20
Article X Foster Care Entries
29
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN02 Woodside/ Sunnyside
Scr Intakes
391
Indicated Investigations
129
Unsubstantiated Investigations
221
Cares Cases
36
Acs Referral To Prevention
55
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
24
Remands At Initial Hearings
7
Article X Foster Care Entries
7
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN03 Jackson Heights
Scr Intakes
870
Indicated Investigations
270
Unsubstantiated Investigations
472
Cares Cases
124
Acs Referral To Prevention
129
Emergency Removals
14
Article X Filings
57
Remands At Initial Hearings
18
Article X Foster Care Entries
21
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN04 Elmhurst/ Corona
Scr Intakes
829
Indicated Investigations
240
Unsubstantiated Investigations
470
Cares Cases
112
Acs Referral To Prevention
138
Emergency Removals
11
Article X Filings
58
Remands At Initial Hearings
16
Article X Foster Care Entries
17
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN05 Ridgewood/ Maspeth
Scr Intakes
638
Indicated Investigations
162
Unsubstantiated Investigations
379
Cares Cases
84
Acs Referral To Prevention
74
Emergency Removals
6
Article X Filings
34
Remands At Initial Hearings
8
Article X Foster Care Entries
11
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN06 Rego Park/Forest Hills
Scr Intakes
209
Indicated Investigations
46
Unsubstantiated Investigations
133
Cares Cases
26
Acs Referral To Prevention
26
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
8
Remands At Initial Hearings
^
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN07 Flushing/ Whitestone
Scr Intakes
705
Indicated Investigations
156
Unsubstantiated Investigations
488
Cares Cases
54
Acs Referral To Prevention
77
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
32
Remands At Initial Hearings
11
Article X Foster Care Entries
10
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN08 Hillcrest/ Fresh Meadows
Scr Intakes
576
Indicated Investigations
145
Unsubstantiated Investigations
371
Cares Cases
52
Acs Referral To Prevention
66
Emergency Removals
6
Article X Filings
37
Remands At Initial Hearings
13
Article X Foster Care Entries
13
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN09 Ozone Park/ Woodhaven
Scr Intakes
718
Indicated Investigations
208
Unsubstantiated Investigations
424
Cares Cases
78
Acs Referral To Prevention
182
Emergency Removals
10
Article X Filings
68
Remands At Initial Hearings
13
Article X Foster Care Entries
14
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN10 South Ozone Park/Howard Beach
Scr Intakes
525
Indicated Investigations
105
Unsubstantiated Investigations
363
Cares Cases
50
Acs Referral To Prevention
96
Emergency Removals
8
Article X Filings
41
Remands At Initial Hearings
14
Article X Foster Care Entries
17
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN11 Bayside/Little Neck
Scr Intakes
251
Indicated Investigations
43
Unsubstantiated Investigations
188
Cares Cases
18
Acs Referral To Prevention
27
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
7
Remands At Initial Hearings
^
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN12 Jamaica/ Hollis
Scr Intakes
1714
Indicated Investigations
487
Unsubstantiated Investigations
1030
Cares Cases
175
Acs Referral To Prevention
231
Emergency Removals
24
Article X Filings
115
Remands At Initial Hearings
38
Article X Foster Care Entries
43
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN13 Queens Village
Scr Intakes
923
Indicated Investigations
189
Unsubstantiated Investigations
657
Cares Cases
65
Acs Referral To Prevention
81
Emergency Removals
15
Article X Filings
53
Remands At Initial Hearings
26
Article X Foster Care Entries
30
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
QN14 Rockaway/ Broad Channel
Scr Intakes
924
Indicated Investigations
203
Unsubstantiated Investigations
619
Cares Cases
88
Acs Referral To Prevention
192
Emergency Removals
14
Article X Filings
80
Remands At Initial Hearings
26
Article X Foster Care Entries
24
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
Queens: Unspecified CD
Scr Intakes
248
Indicated Investigations
68
Unsubstantiated Investigations
171
Cares Cases
7
Acs Referral To Prevention
18
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
16
Remands At Initial Hearings
6
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
SI01 Saint George/ Stapleton
Scr Intakes
1689
Indicated Investigations
352
Unsubstantiated Investigations
1182
Cares Cases
151
Acs Referral To Prevention
324
Emergency Removals
32
Article X Filings
131
Remands At Initial Hearings
52
Article X Foster Care Entries
63
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
SI02 South Beach/ Willowbrook
Scr Intakes
539
Indicated Investigations
109
Unsubstantiated Investigations
375
Cares Cases
52
Acs Referral To Prevention
100
Emergency Removals
6
Article X Filings
41
Remands At Initial Hearings
11
Article X Foster Care Entries
10
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
SI03 Tottenville/ Great Kills
Scr Intakes
456
Indicated Investigations
86
Unsubstantiated Investigations
318
Cares Cases
49
Acs Referral To Prevention
67
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
22
Remands At Initial Hearings
10
Article X Foster Care Entries
13
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
Staten Island: Unspecified CD
Scr Intakes
33
Indicated Investigations
6
Unsubstantiated Investigations
25
Cares Cases
^
Acs Referral To Prevention
6
Emergency Removals
^
Article X Filings
^
Remands At Initial Hearings
^
Article X Foster Care Entries
^
FY2022
Report Period: FY2022 • Child Parent: Family • Category: Borough and Community District of the Family
Report Period
FY2022
Child Parent
Family
Category
Borough and Community District of the Family
Sub Category
Outside NYC / Unknown CD
Scr Intakes
2888
Indicated Investigations
694
Unsubstantiated Investigations
1977
Cares Cases
148
Acs Referral To Prevention
109
Emergency Removals
41
Article X Filings
158
Remands At Initial Hearings
72
Article X Foster Care Entries
167
FY2023
Report Period: FY2023 • Child Parent: Children • Category: Race/Ethnicity
Report Period
FY2023
Child Parent
Children
Category
Race/Ethnicity
Sub Category
African American/ Black non-Hispanic
Scr Intakes
35,164
Indicated Investigations
8218
Unsubstantiated Investigations
20165
Cares Cases
6095
Acs Referral To Prevention
6231
Emergency Removals
641
Article X Filings
2615
Remands At Initial Hearings
965
Article X Foster Care Entries
1073
FY2023
Report Period: FY2023 • Child Parent: Children • Category: Race/Ethnicity
Report Period
FY2023
Child Parent
Children
Category
Race/Ethnicity
Sub Category
Hispanic/Latinx
Scr Intakes
44,249
Indicated Investigations
10,778
Unsubstantiated Investigations
24514
Cares Cases
8069
Acs Referral To Prevention
8267
Emergency Removals
589
Article X Filings
2954
Remands At Initial Hearings
846
Article X Foster Care Entries
932
FY2023
Report Period: FY2023 • Child Parent: Children • Category: Race/Ethnicity
Report Period
FY2023
Child Parent
Children
Category
Race/Ethnicity
Sub Category
White non-Hispanic
Scr Intakes
6,457
Indicated Investigations
1,257
Unsubstantiated Investigations
3841
Cares Cases
1246
Acs Referral To Prevention
799
Emergency Removals
53
Article X Filings
336
Remands At Initial Hearings
123
Article X Foster Care Entries
126
FY2023
Report Period: FY2023 • Child Parent: Children • Category: Race/Ethnicity
Report Period
FY2023
Child Parent
Children
Category
Race/Ethnicity
Sub Category
Asian/ Pacific Islander non-Hispanic
Scr Intakes
4,855
Indicated Investigations
930
Unsubstantiated Investigations
2832
Cares Cases
1034
Acs Referral To Prevention
856
Emergency Removals
34
Article X Filings
241
Remands At Initial Hearings
48
Article X Foster Care Entries
52
FY2023
Report Period: FY2023 • Child Parent: Children • Category: Race/Ethnicity
Report Period
FY2023
Child Parent
Children
Category
Race/Ethnicity
Sub Category
Multiple Race non-Hispanic
Scr Intakes
2,900
Indicated Investigations
708
Unsubstantiated Investigations
1688
Cares Cases
458
Acs Referral To Prevention
484
Emergency Removals
43
Article X Filings
211
Remands At Initial Hearings
66
Article X Foster Care Entries
87
FY2023
Report Period: FY2023 • Child Parent: Children • Category: Race/Ethnicity
Report Period
FY2023
Child Parent
Children
Category
Race/Ethnicity
Sub Category
Other/Unknown
Scr Intakes
1,965
Indicated Investigations
229
Unsubstantiated Investigations
1094
Cares Cases
322
Acs Referral To Prevention
110
Emergency Removals
14
Article X Filings
55
Remands At Initial Hearings
20
Article X Foster Care Entries
9
FY2023
Report Period: FY2023 • Child Parent: Parents • Category: Race/Ethnicity
Report Period
FY2023
Child Parent
Parents
Category
Race/Ethnicity
Sub Category
African American/ Black non-Hispanic
Scr Intakes
27,687
Indicated Investigations
7,054
Unsubstantiated Investigations
15,869
Cares Cases
4,273
Acs Referral To Prevention
4,415
Emergency Removals
701
Article X Filings
3,009
Remands At Initial Hearings
1,070
Article X Foster Care Entries
1,152
FY2023
Report Period: FY2023 • Child Parent: Parents • Category: Race/Ethnicity
Report Period
FY2023
Child Parent
Parents
Category
Race/Ethnicity
Sub Category
Hispanic/Latinx
Scr Intakes
32,305
Indicated Investigations
8,277
Unsubstantiated Investigations
18,035
Cares Cases
5,363
Acs Referral To Prevention
5,405
Emergency Removals
638
Article X Filings
3,254
Remands At Initial Hearings
876
Article X Foster Care Entries
824
FY2023
Report Period: FY2023 • Child Parent: Parents • Category: Race/Ethnicity
Report Period
FY2023
Child Parent
Parents
Category
Race/Ethnicity
Sub Category
White non-Hispanic
Scr Intakes
6,870
Indicated Investigations
1,411
Unsubstantiated Investigations
4,127
Cares Cases
1,238
Acs Referral To Prevention
819
Emergency Removals
62
Article X Filings
488
Remands At Initial Hearings
156
Article X Foster Care Entries
167
NYC Data AI • Public-data exploration interface